The Ponca Tribe of Oklahoma, originally part of the Dhegiha branch of the Siouan language family, has a rich history that involves migration and resilience. The Ponca people were originally from the Ohio River Valley but were forcibly relocated several times by the U.S. government during the 19th century, leading to their settlement in present-day Oklahoma.

The Sac and Fox Nation, based in Stroud, Oklahoma, originally occupied lands in the Great Lakes region before being forced to move due to European settlement.